Featured Image: SpaceX
Lift Off Time | November 26, 2022 – 19:20:43 UTC | 14:20:43 EST |
|---|---|
Mission Name | Dragon CRS-2 SpX-26, a Commercial Resupply Service mission to the International Space Station (ISS) |
Launch Provider | SpaceX |
Customer | National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) |
Rocket | Falcon 9 Block 5 Booster B1076-1 |
Launch Location | Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A), Kennedy Space Center, Florida, USA |
Payload mass | TBD |
Where did the spacecraft go? | Dragon C211-1 will rendezvous with the ISS, ~400 km low Earth orbit (LEO) at a 51.66° inclination |
Did they attempt to recover the first stage? | Yes |
Where did the first stage land? | Autonomous Spaceport Drone Ship Just Read the Instructions |
Did they attempt to recover the fairings? | There are no fairings on the Dragon 2 |
Were these fairings new? | There are no fairings on the Dragon 2 |
This was the: | – 197th SpaceX mission – 54th SpaceX misison of 2022 – 188th Falcon 9 mission – 53rd Falcon 9 mission of 2022 – 1st flight of Dragon 2 C211 – 164th orbital launch attempt of 2022 |
Where to watch | Official replay |
How Did It Go?
Dragon CRS-2 SpX-26 (CRS-26) is a Commercial Resupply Service mission that successfully docked at the International Space Station (ISS) to deliver cargo. Cargo Dragon 2, C211-1, launched atop a Falcon 9 Block 5 rocket. This is the first flight for this Dragon capsule which successfully docked to the International Space Station at 12:39 UTC on Sunday, November 27, 2022. The rocket lifted off from Launch Complex 39A, at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. CRS-26 was the sixth flight for SpaceX under NASA’s CRS Phase 2 contract.
This launch marked the company’s 54th mission of the year as the holiday season approaches and the year begins to come to a close.
CRS-2 SpX-26
The International Space Station (ISS) is a large international collaboration between nations across the globe. Operating for over 20 years, the orbital laboratory needs regular visits from cargo vehicles to deliver new experiments, supplies like clothing, food, and water, and eventually act has a garbage disposal for used items.
Currently, three different vehicles from three different entities have the capability to carry cargo to the ISS. Northrup Grumman’s Cygnus spacecraft launched by NASA, ROSCOSMOS’s Soyuz Progress spacecraft, and SpaceX’s Cargo Dragon spacecraft.
Cygnus recently launched a resupply mission to the ISS with the S.S. Sally Ride vehicle on their CRS-2 NG-18 mission from Wallops Island, Virginia, USA. The last Progress launch was in late October on the Progress MS-21 mission. The last SpaceX resupply mission was in mid-July of 2022, CRS-2 SpX-25.
CRS-26 Research Payloads
Every resupply mission hosts dozens of experiments and technology demonstrations. On CRS-26, these range from vegetation experiments to new solar arrays for the ISS to provide greater power consumption. These research experiments can range from NASA-funded experiments to private companies and universities. Due to the amount of research on CRS-26, only select payloads will be discussed in-depth here. If you’d like to learn more, reach out or explore NASA’s website.
Moon Microscope
The Moon Microscope experiments, also known as the long-winded Moon Medicine: Blood Staining and Novel Miniaturized Imaging Technology to Facilitate Critical Lunar Diagnosis, is aimed at developing a way to analyze blood smear samples from astronauts in a light and compact instrument in minutes.
A prime example of technology being developed by NASA that will advance technology on Earth, the Moon Microscope is the smallest instrument of its kind ever designed and built. If this constraint was not enough, the instrument also has to function in reduced or microgravity.
The experiment has three main objectives: 1. Create a ‘feathered smear’ on a slide 2. A Wright-staining device compatible with microgravity is tested under microgravity conditions 3. Produce high-quality images with the handheld cellular imaging device.
The device can measure changes in immune systems and allow a quick prognosis from doctors on the ground after they have these high-quality images. While there is no concern for health on long duration stays on the ISS, missions lasting years, such as Moon and Mars missions, could benefit from a small, lightweight kit that has the ability to diagnose astronauts with potential diseases to allow them to care for themselves in the best possible way.
Extrusion
The Extrusion experiment will be sending a lot of liquid resin to the International Space Station (ISS), and for very good reason. On Earth, people build structures like bridges and buildings to withstand gravity. Similar structures can be built differently in a reduced or micro gravity environment.
Even though the ISS has no effects of gravity stressing its structure, its structure was originally built on Earth. The ability to construct new structures in space, with materials such as the liquid resin being tested in this experiment, more complex structures can be built.
The Extrusion experiment will use the Nanoracks Black Box which requires crew installation and removal, but no further interaction. The resin will be injected into custom forms only feasible in microgravity.
VEGGIE
The Vegetable Production System (Veggie) is an experiment aimed at producing fresh and plentiful crops on station. Unlike some experiments of similar nature before it, Veggie uses more of the environment in the cabin such as pulling from it’s temperature and carbon dioxide instead of regulating those itself.
For ease of use, Veggie is packed into one singular unit. It will utilize the EXpedite the PRocessing of Experiments to Space Station (EXPRESS) Rack on the International Space Station (ISS) for easy installation and operation.
With the ability to grow more vegetables, crew health should improve as well as they now have greater access to fresh foods, instead of waiting for a resupply vessel every few months.
During ground testing, researchers grew red dwarf tomatoes with great success. The next part of this long botanical study is Veg-05 which will test the growth and health of these “Red Robin” dwarf tomatoes at different light levels.
How Does Veggie Work?
Veggie’s goal is to be readily installable and operable so crews can focus on other tasks instead of constantly working to keep their fresh food growing. Crops will first be placed in seed pillows and on PONDS. These pillows are then installed into a root mat where water is then injected.
The amount of water and light needed is regulated until the growth cycle has ended. A handheld light meter will be used to check the light levels of the plants. Crops are then harvested and the cycle repeats.
iROSAs
Two more rollable solar arrays will be launched to the International Space Station on CRS-26. These solar arrays will provide a 20% to 30% increase in power consumption for the ISS.
On November 15, 2022, NASA astronauts Josh Cassada and Frank Rubio performed an Extravehicular Activity (EVA) to prepare the ISS for mounting of the two new Roll Out Solar Arrays (ROSA).
Each array has been built from a composite carbon fiber which allows it to be rigid when deployed, by curl-up like a tape measure when stowed. The rolling and lightweight components of the ROSAs enable them to be launched with more equipment than heavier, non-rolling solar arrays.
These two solar arrays follow two other solar arrays that were previously launched on SpX-22 and have already been installed.
What Is Falcon 9 Block 5?
The Falcon 9 Block 5 is SpaceX’s partially reusable two-stage medium-lift launch vehicle. The vehicle consists of a reusable first stage, an expendable second stage, and, when in payload configuration, a pair of reusable fairing halves.
First Stage
The Falcon 9 first stage contains nine Merlin 1D+ sea-level engines. Each engine uses an open gas generator cycle and runs on RP-1 and liquid oxygen (LOx). Each engine produces 845 kN of thrust at sea level, with a specific impulse (ISP) of 285 seconds, and 934 kN in a vacuum with an ISP of 313 seconds. Due to the powerful nature of the engine, and the large amount of them, the Falcon 9 first stage is able to lose an engine right off the pad, or up to two later in flight, and be able to successfully place the payload into orbit.
The Merlin engines are ignited by triethylaluminum and triethylborane (TEA-TEB), which instantaneously burst into flames when mixed in the presence of oxygen. During static fire and launch the TEA-TEB is provided by the ground service equipment. However, as the Falcon 9 first stage is able to propulsively land, three of the Merlin engines (E1, E5, and E9) contain TEA-TEB canisters to relight for the boost back, reentry, and landing burns.
Second Stage
The Falcon 9 second stage is the only expendable part of the Falcon 9. It contains a singular MVacD engine that produces 992 kN of thrust and an ISP of 348 seconds. The second stage is capable of doing several burns, allowing the Falcon 9 to put payloads in several different orbits.
For missions with many burns and/or long coasts between burns, the second stage is able to be equipped with a mission extension package. When the second stage has this package it has a grey strip, which helps keep the RP-1 warm, an increased number of composite-overwrapped pressure vessels (COPVs) for pressurization control, and additional TEA-TEB.
Falcon 9 Booster
The booster supporting the CRS-26 mission is B1076-1. CRS-26 will be the booster’s first flight as a Falcon 9 and will be recovered after landing on Autonomous Spaceport Drone Ship (ASDS) Just Read The Instructions (JRTI) for later reuse.
Cargo Dragon 2
The CRS-26 mission will be the first mission to the ISS for Cargo Dragon C211-1. Like its fellow Dragons C211 will hopefully return to Earth after serving its time on the ISS bringing back waste and other cargo. It will then be refurbished and used on another mission in the future.
| C208’s missions | Launch Date (UTC) | Turnaround Time (Days) |
|---|---|---|
| Dragon CRS-2 SpX-26 | November 21, 2022 | N/A |
Cargo Dragon 2 is 8.1 m (26.6 ft in) in height and 3.7 meters (12 feet) in diameter. Compared to the original Cargo Dragon, the upgraded spacecraft can and will automatically dock on the ISS. The old version had to be manually berthed by Canadarm2.
The Cargo Dragon 2 shares a similar design with the Crew Dragon spacecraft intended to carry astronauts to the ISS and back to Earth. However, there are some differences. The Cargo Dragon 2 does not have SuperDraco abort engines, nor a life support system since there will be no human passengers on board. In the pressurized section, the seats and crew displays have been swapped for cargo racks. The environmental control system has been also reduced both in size and complexity.
Overall, the CRS-26 mission’s success criteria will be successful deployment of the Cargo Dragon 2 to the dedicated orbit, its docking to the ISS, and recovery of the booster.
CRS-26 Countdown
All times are approximate
| HR/MIN/SEC | EVENT |
|---|---|
| 00:38:00 | SpaceX Launch Director verifies go for propellant load |
| 00:35:00 | RP-1 (rocket grade kerosene) loading begins |
| 00:35:00 | 1st stage LOX (liquid oxygen) loading begins |
| 00:16:00 | 2nd stage LOX loading begins |
| 00:07:00 | Falcon 9 begins pre-launch engine chill |
| 00:05:00 | Dragon transitions to internal power |
| 00:01:00 | Command flight computer to begin final prelaunch checks |
| 00:01:00 | Propellant tanks pressurize for flight |
| 00:00:45 | SpaceX Launch Director verifies go for launch |
| 00:00:03 | Engine controller commands engine ignition sequence to start |
| 00:00:00 | Falcon 9 liftoff |
LAUNCH, LANDING, AND DEPLOYMENT
All times are approximate
| HR/MIN/SEC | EVENT |
|---|---|
| 00:01:12 | Max Q (moment of peak mechanical stress on the rocket) |
| 00:02:27 | 1st stage main engine cutoff (MECO) |
| 00:02:30 | 1st and 2nd stages separate |
| 00:02:38 | 2nd stage engine starts |
| 00:02:42 | 1st stage boostback burn begins |
| 00:03:15 | 1st stage boostback burn complete |
| 00:05:45 | 1st stage entry burn begins |
| 00:05:59 | 2nd stage engine cutoff (SECO-1) |
| 00:07:06 | 1st stage landing burn begins |
| 00:07:33 | 1st stage landing |
| 00:08:37 | Dragon separates from 2nd stage |
| 00:11:49 | Dragon nosecone open sequence begins |
